GLUT1
- Facilitative glucose transporter. This isoform may be responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including both pentoses and hexoses.
- Detected in erythrocytes (at protein level). Expressed at variable levels in many human tissues.
GLUT-2
- Facilitative glucose transporter. This isoform likely mediates the bidirectional transfer of glucose across the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is responsible for uptake of glucose by the beta cells; may comprise part of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta cell. May also participate with the Na+/glucose cotransporter in the transcellular transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidney.
- Liver, insulin-producing beta cell, small intestine and kidney.
GLUT-3
- Facilitative glucose transporter that can also mediate the uptake of various other monosaccharides across the cell membrane. Mediates the uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose, and probably also dehydroascorbate . Does not mediate fructose transport.
- Highly expressed in brain. Expressed in many tissues.
GLUT-4
- Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter.
- Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4 is required for GLUT4 translocation.
- expressed in Skeletal and cardiac muscles; brown and white fat.
- Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM)3 Publications:0The disease may be caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease descriptionA multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis caused by a lack of sensitivity to the body's own insulin. Affected individuals usually have an obese body habitus and manifestations of a metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The disease results in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
GLUT-5
- Functions as a fructose transporter that has only low activity with other monosaccharides (PubMed:8333543). Can mediate the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, but with low efficiency (PubMed:1695905). Essential for fructose uptake in the small intestine. Plays a role in the regulation of salt uptake and blood pressure in response to dietary fructose. Required for the development of high blood pressure in response to high dietary fructose intake.
- The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose is inhibited by cytochalasin B.
- Detected in skeletal muscle, and in jejunum brush border membrane and basolateral membrane (at protein level) (PubMed:7619085). Expressed in small intestine, and at much lower levels in kidney, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.
GLUT7
- High-affinity transporter for glucose and fructose Does not transport galactose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose and xylose.
- Expressed in small intestine and colon. Weakly expressed in testis and prostate.
GLUT8
- Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter. Binds cytochalasin B in a glucose-inhibitable manner. Seems to be a dual-specific sugar transporter as it is inhibitable by fructose (By similarity).
GLUT9
- Transport urate and fructose. May have a role in the urate reabsorption by proximal tubules. Also transports glucose at low rate.
- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 (SLC2A9)
- Most strongly expressed in basolateral membranes of proximal renal tubular cells, liver and placenta. Also detected in lung, blood leukocytes, heart skeletal muscle and chondrocytes from articular cartilage.
GLUT10
- Facilitative glucose transporter.
GLUT14
- May have a specific function related to spermatogenesis.
- GLUT14 is a recent (less than 5 M year old) duplication of GLUT3.
