膜酵素

Aminopeptidase N

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Broad specificity aminopeptidase which plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Also involved in the processing of various peptides including peptide hormones, such as angiotensin III and IV, neuropeptides, and chemokines. May also be involved the cleavage of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of antigen presenting cells. May have a role in angiogenesis and promote cholesterol crystallization.7 Publications
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human coronavirus 229E/HCoV-229E. In case of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection, serves as receptor for HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1

www.uniprot.org

Function

Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (PubMed:27108797). Involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion of electrolytes and fluid through the interaction with AHCYL1 (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication

Miscellaneous

Calcium appears to inhibit ligand binding to the receptor, most probably by interacting with a distinct calcium-binding protein which then inhibits the receptor.

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues.
Ubiquitination at multiple lysines targets ITPR1 for proteasomal degradation. Approximately 40% of the ITPR1-associated ubiquitin is monoubiquitin, and polyubiquitins are both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked .
Phosphorylated by cAMP kinase (PKA). Phosphorylation prevents the ligand-induced opening of the calcium channels. Phosphorylation by PKA increases the interaction with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and decreases the interaction with AHCYL1.By similarity
Palmitoylated by ZDHHC6 in immune cells, leading to regulate ITPR1 stability and function.By similarity

Keywords - PTM

Glycoprotein, Isopeptide bond, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation

プロリン

proline
ピロリジン2−カルボン酸

Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver

GYS2 - Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver - Homo sapiens (Human) - GYS2 gene & protein

Names & Taxonomyi

Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver (EC:2.4.1.11)
Gene namesi
Name:GYS2

Function

Transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glc to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan.
Catalytic activity
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + ((1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
Enzyme regulationi
Allosteric activation by glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphorylation reduces the activity towards UDP-glucose. When in the non-phosphorylated state, glycogen synthase does not require glucose-6-phosphate as an allosteric activator; when phosphorylated it does (By similarity).

Thioredoxin-interacting protein

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H3M7

**Names & Taxonomy

Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Thioredoxin-interacting proteinAlternative name(s):
Thioredoxin-binding protein 2
Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1

**Functioni
May act as an oxidative stress mediator by inhibiting thioredoxin activity or by limiting its bioavailability. Interacts with COPS5 and restores COPS5-induced suppression of CDKN1B stability, blocking the COPS5-mediated translocation of CDKN1B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Functions as a transcriptional repressor, possibly by acting as a bridge molecule between transcription factors and corepressor complexes, and over-expression will induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Required for the maturation of natural killer cells. Acts as a suppressor of tumor cell growth. Inhibits the proteasomal degradation of DDIT4, and thereby contributes to the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1

MADCAM1 - Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - MADCAM1 gene & protein

Names & Taxonomyi

Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1
Short name:
MAdCAM-1
Short name:
hMAdCAM-1

Function

Cell adhesion leukocyte receptor expressed by mucosal venules, helps to direct lymphocyte traffic into mucosal tissues including the Peyer patches and the intestinal lamina propria. It can bind both integrin alpha-4/beta-7 and L-selectin, regulating both the passage and retention of leukocytes. Isoform 2, lacking the mucin-like domain, may be specialized in supporting integrin alpha-4/beta-7-dependent adhesion strengthening, independent of L-selectin binding.

Ras-related protein Rap-1A

RAP1A - Ras-related protein Rap-1A precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - RAP1A gene & protein

Names & Taxonomyi

Protein names
Recommended name:
Ras-related protein Rap-1A
Alternative name(s):
C21KG
G-22K
GTP-binding protein smg p21A
Ras-related protein Krev-1

Function

Induces morphological reversion of a cell line transformed by a Ras oncogene. Counteracts the mitogenic function of Ras, at least partly because it can interact with Ras GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Together with ITGB1BP1, regulates KRIT1 localization to microtubules and membranes. Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in the regulation of embryonic blood vessel formation. Involved in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function. May be involved in the regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR expression at endothelial cell-cell junctions.2 Publications

Enzyme regulation

Activated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEF) EPAC and EPAC2 in a cAMP-dependent manner, and GFR.