Function
Precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Subunit structure
Homodimer.
Subcellular location
Secreted.
Tissue specificity
Thyroid gland specific.
Post-translational modification
Sulfated tyrosines are desulfated during iodination.
Involvement in disease
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3) [MIM:274700]: A disorder due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis, causing large goiters of elastic and soft consistency in the majority of patients. Although the degree of thyroid dysfunction varies considerably among patients with defective thyroglobulin synthesis, patients usually have a relatively high serum free triiodothyronine (T3) concentration with disproportionately low free tetraiodothyronine (T4) level. The maintenance of relatively high free T3 levels prevents profound tissue hypothyroidism except in brain and pituitary, which are dependent on T4 supply, resulting in neurologic and intellectual defects in some cases.
Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.20 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.25
Autoimmune thyroid disease 3 (AITD3) [MIM:608175]: A complex autoimmune disorder comprising two related diseases affecting the thyroid: Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. In both disorders, thyroid-reactive T-cells are formed and infiltrate the thyroid gland. In Graves disease, the majority of the T-cells undergo a Th2 differentiation and activate B cells to produce antibodies against the TSH receptor, which stimulate the thyroid and cause clinical hyperthyroidism. In contrast, Hashimoto thyroiditis is characterized by Th1 switching of the thyroid-infiltrating T-cells, which induces apoptosis of thyroid follicular cells and clinical hypothyroidism.
Note: Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.21
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Contains 11 thyroglobulin type-1 domains.
